Bronze Alloy Chart
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE ALLOYS
(C89320, C89325, C89831, C89833, C89835, C89836, C89837)
Examples of items that may need replaced by a lead free grade if in a potable water installation:
- Lead free pump shaft sleeves
- Lead free flanges
- Lead free backflow preventers
- Lead free impeller wear rings
- Lead free collars
- Lead free bushings
- Lead free bowl wear rings
- Lead free threaded brass fittings
- Lead free adapters
- Lead free brass check valves
- Lead free water main fittings
- Lead free couplings
| COPPER – BISMUTH (LEAD FREE ALTERNATIVE ALLOYS) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cross Index | Nominal Chemical Composition | Typical Mechanical Properties | ||||||||||
| CDA | Ingot | Former SAE | Former Federal | Former ASTM | Copper | Tin | Bi | Zinc | Tensile (psi) | Yield (psi) | Elongation % | BHN (TYP.) @ 500 KG |
| C89320 | 89 | 6 | 5 | 35,000 | 18,000 | 15 | 70 | |||||
| C89325 | 86 | 10 | 3.2 | 30,000 | 12,000 | 15 | 73 | |||||
| C89831 | 89 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3 | 29,000 | 13,000 | 16 | 55 | ||||
| C89833 | 89 | 5 | 2.2 | 3 | 30,000 | 14,000 | 20 | 60 | ||||
| C89835 | Federalally III-932 | 87 | 6.7 | 2.2 | 3 | 30,000 | 14,000 | 15 | 65 | |||
| C89836 | 89 | 5.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 33,000 | 15,000 | 20 | 65 | ||||
| C89837 | 86 | 3.5 | 0.9 | 8 | 30,000 | 14,000 | 20 | 60 | ||||
(C932, C934, C935, C936, C937, C938, C943, C945)
The high leaded tin bronzes contain the most widely used bearing bronze alloy C932 (also known as SAE 660). Widely available and somewhat less expensive than other bearings alloys – it is known for its unsurpassed wear performance against steel journals. It can be used against unhardened and not perfectly smooth shafts. Lead weakens these alloys but imparts the ability to tolerate interrupted lubrication. It also combines favorable antifriction properties with good load-carrying capacities and will conform to slight shaft misalignments.
Typical uses:
- General purpose bushings
- Bearings
- Washers
- Non-pressure applications
- High speed – light load bushings
- Mild acid applications
- Bearings and bushings with machinability and anti-seizing properties
- High speed – heavy pressure bushings
- Bridge parts
- Bearing plates
- Low friction – moderate pressure bushings
- Railroad applications
| HIGH LEADED TIN BRONZE | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cross Index | Nominal Chemical Composition | Typical Mechanical Properties | ||||||||||
| CDA | Ingot | Former SAE | Former Federal | Former ASTM | Copper | Tin | Lead | Zinc | Tensile (psi) | Yield (psi) | Elongation % | BHN (TYP.) @ 500 KG |
| C93800 | 319 | 67 | (E6) | 3D | 77 | 7 | 15 | 26,000 | 14,000 | 12 | 55 | |
| C94000 | 296 | (E2) | 71 | 13 | 15 | 80 Min. | ||||||
| C94100 | 325 | (E5) | 76 | 6 | 20 | 25,000 | 17,000 | 7 | ||||
| C94300 | 322 | (E1) | 3E | 70 | 5 | 25 | 21,000 | 13,000 (TYP) | 10 | 48 | ||
(C922, C923, C926, C927)
Leaded tin bronze has similar uses as tin bronze but is specified when better machinability and/or pressure tightness is needed.
Typical uses:
- Medium pressure hydraulic & steam to 550 F
- High-pressure hydraulic and steam equipment
- Lead screw nuts
- Marine and ornamental castings
- Structural castings
- Pump pistons
| LEADED TIN BRONZE | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cross Index | Nominal Chemical Composition | Typical Mechanical Properties | ||||||||||
| CDA | Ingot | Former SAE | Former Federal | Former ASTM | Copper | Tin | Lead | Zinc | Tensile (psi) | Yield (psi) | Elongation % | BHN (TYP.) @ 500 KG |
| C83600 | 115 | 40 | (B5) | 4A | 85 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 30,000 | 14,000 | 20 | 60 |
| C84400 | 123 | 80 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 29,000 | 13,000 | 18 | 55 | |||
| C92800 | 295 | 80 | 16 | 5 | 40,000 (TYP.) | 30,000 (TYP.) | 1 (TYP.) | 80 (TYP.) | ||||
| C93200 | 315 | 660 | A-932 | 3B | 83 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 30,000 | 14,000 | 15 | 65 |
| C93400 | 310 | (E8) | 84 | 8 | 8 | 25,000 | 12,000 | 8 | 60 | |||
| C93500 | 326 | 66 | (E9) | 3C | 85 | 5 | 9 | 1 | 28,000 | 12,000 | 15 | 60 |
| C93600 | 81 | 7 | 12 | 32,000 | 16,000 | 10 | 65 | |||||
| C93700 | 305 | 64 | (E10) | 3A | 80 | 10 | 10 | 30,000 | 12,000 | 15 | 60 | |
(C922, C923, C926, C927)
Leaded tin bronze has similar uses as tin bronze but is specified when better machinability and/or pressure tightness is needed.
Typical uses:
- Medium pressure hydraulic & steam to 550 F
- High-pressure hydraulic and steam equipment
- Lead screw nuts
- Marine and ornamental castings
- Structural castings
- Heavy duty bearings
- Pump pistons
| LEADED TIN BRONZE | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cross Index | Nominal Chemical Composition | Typical Mechanical Properties | ||||||||||
| CDA | Ingot | Former SAE | Former Federal | Former ASTM | Copper | Tin | Lead | Zinc | Tensile (psi) | Yield (psi) | Elongation % | BHN (TYP.) @ 500 KG |
| C83600 | 115 | 40 | (B5) | 4A | 85 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 30,000 | 14,000 | 20 | 60 |
| C84400 | 123 | 80 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 29,000 | 13,000 | 18 | 55 | |||
| C92800 | 295 | 80 | 16 | 5 | 40,000 (TYP.) | 30,000 (TYP.) | 1 (TYP.) | 80 (TYP.) | ||||
| C93200 | 315 | 660 | A-932 | 3B | 83 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 30,000 | 14,000 | 15 | 65 |
| C93400 | 310 | (E8) | 84 | 8 | 8 | 25,000 | 12,000 | 8 | 60 | |||
| C93500 | 326 | 66 | (E9) | 3C | 85 | 5 | 9 | 1 | 28,000 | 12,000 | 15 | 60 |
| C93600 | 81 | 7 | 12 | 32,000 | 16,000 | 10 | 65 | |||||
| C93700 | 305 | 64 | (E10) | 3A | 80 | 10 | 10 | 30,000 | 12,000 | 15 | 60 | |
(C903, C905, C907, C916)
Tin bronze offers excellent corrosion resistance along with good wear resistance and reasonably high strength. Used in sleeve bearings, they wear especially well against steel.
Typical uses:
- Bearings
- Pump bodies
- Gears
- Bushings
- Valves
- Pump impellers
- Steam fittings
- Piston rings
- Worm wheels
- Bearings for heavy loads and relatively low speeds
| TIN BRONZE | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cross Index | Nominal Chemical Composition | Typical Mechanical Properties | |||||||||||
| CDA | Ingot | Former SAE | Former Federal | Former ASTM | Copper | Sn | Pb | Zn | Ni | Tensile (psi) | Yield (psi) | Elongation % | BHN (TYP.) @ 500 KG |
| C90300 | 225 | 620 | (D5) | 1B | 88 | 8 | 4 | 40,000 | 18,000 | 20 | 70 | ||
| C90500 | 210 | 62 | (D6) | 1A | 88 | 10 | 2 | 40,000 | 18,000 | 20 | 75 | ||
| C90700 | 205 | 65 | 89 | 11 | 35,000 | 18,000 | 10 | 80 | |||||
| C90900 | 199 | 87 | 13 | 40,000 (TYP.) | 20,000 (TYP.) | 15 (TYP.) | 90 | ||||||
| C91000 | 197 | (D2) | 85 | 15 | 32,000 (TYP.) | 25,000 (TYP.) | 2 (TYP.) | 105 | |||||
| C91100 | 84 | 16 | 35,000 (TYP.) | 25,000 (TYP.) | 2 (TYP.) | 135 | |||||||
| C91300 | 194 | (D1) | 81 | 19 | 35,000 (TYP.) | 30,000 (TYP.) | 0.5 (TYP.) | 170 | |||||
| C91600 | (F1) | 88 | 10.5 | 1.5 | 35,000 | 17,000 | 10 | 85 | |||||
| C91700 | 86.5 | 12 | 1.5 | 35,000 | 17,000 | 10 | 65 | ||||||
| C92200 | 245 | 622 | (D4) | 2A | 88 | 6 | 1.5 | 4.5 | 34,000 | 16,000 | 22 | 65 | |
| C92300 | 230 | 621 | (D3) | 2B | 87 | 8 | 1 | 4 | 36,000 | 16,000 | 18 | 70 | |
| C92500 | 250 | 640 | 87 | 11 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 35,000 | 18,000 | 10 | 80 | ||
| C92700 | 206 | 63 | 88 | 10 | 2 | 35,000 | 18,000 | 10 | 77 | ||||
| C92900 | 206W/Ni | 84 | 10 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 45,000 | 25,000 | 8 | 80 | ||||
**BHN @ 3000 KG
| YELLOW BRASS | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cross Index | Nominal Chemical Composition | Typical Mechanical Properties | |||||||||||
| CDA | Ingot | Former SAE | Former Federal | Former ASTM | Copper | Sn | Pb | Zn | Ni | Tensile (psi) | Yield (psi) | Elongation % | BHN (TYP.) @ 500 KG |
| C85200 | 400 | A-852 | B584-852 | 72 | 1 | 3 | 24 | 35,000 | 12,000 | 25 | 45 | ||
| C85300 | 407 | 70 | 30 | 35,000 (TYP.) | 11,000 (TYP.) | 40 (TYP.) | 54 | ||||||
| C85400 | 403 | 41 | A-854 | B584-854 | 68 | 1 | 3 | 28 | 30,000 | 11,000 | 20 | 50 | |
| C85700 | 405.2 | A-857 | B584-857 | 62 | 1 | 1 | 36 | 40,000 | 14,000 | 15 | 75 | ||
(C862, C863, C864, C865, C867)
Manganese bronze, the strongest of the “as cast” bronze, is used primarily for heavy duty mechanical products. They provide moderately good corrosion resistance.
Typical uses:
- Brackets
- Shafts
- Gears
- Structural parts
- Screw down nuts
- Slow-speed heavy load bearings
- Gears
- Gibs and cams
- Free machine parts
- Lever arms
- Light duty gears
- Marine fittings
- Valve stems
- Propellers for salt and fresh water
- Machinery parts substituting for steel and mallable iron
| MANGANESE BRONZE | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cross Index | Nominal Chemical Composition | Typical Mechanical Properties | |||||||||||
| CDA | Ingot | Former SAE | Former Federal | Former ASTM | Copper | Zn | Al | Fe | Mn | Tensile (psi) | Yield (psi) | Elongation % | BHN (TYP.) @ 500 KG |
| C86200 | 423 | 430A | (B) & (E) | 8B | 64 | 26 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 90,000 | 45,000 | 18 | 180 |
| C86300 | 424 | 430B | (C) | 8C | 63 | 25 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 110,000 | 60,000 | 12 | 225 |
| C86500 | 421 | 43 | (A) | 8A | 58 | 39 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 65,000 | 25,000 | 20 | 100 |
| LEADED MANGANESE BRONZE | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cross Index | Nominal Chemical Composition | Typical Mechanical Properties | ||||||||||
| CDA | Ingot | Former SAE | Former Federal | Former ASTM | Copper | Sn | Pb | Zinc | Tensile (psi) | Yield (psi) | Elongation % | BHN (TYP.) @ 500 KG |
| 864 | 420 | C2 | 7A | 59 | 1 | 40 | 60,000 | 20,000 | 15 | 105 | ||
| 867 | 422 | 58 | 1 | 34 | 80,000 | 32,000 | 15 | 155 | ||||
(C952, C953, C954, C955, C956, C958) and aerospace standards AMS 4880, AMS 4881, AMS 4640
Aluminum bronzes and nickel aluminum bronzes contain between 3% and 12% aluminum which strengthens the alloy. They are best known for their high corrosion and oxidation resistance combined with exceptionally good mechanical properties. Aluminum bronze bearings are used in heavily loaded applications. Alloys such as C954 or C955 can be quenched and tempered to reach even higher strengths when necessary. Resistance to seawater corrosion is extremely high in nickel aluminum bronzes such as C955. Due to its resistance to corrosion, erosion, and cavitation, it is widely used for propellers and other marine hardware.
Typical uses:
- Gun mounting and slides
- Landing gear parts
- Pickling tank and mild alkali applications
- Marine engine and propellers
- Gears
- Cams
- Stripper nuts
- Slippers
- High temperature applications
- Mining machine parts
- Spur and low speed – heavily loaded worm gears
- Nuts
- Pumps
- Bushings
- Tank gun recoil mechanisms
- Valve guides and seats in aircraft engines
- Cable connectors
- Pole-line hardware
- Terminals
- Propeller hubs
- Blades and other parts including valves with sea water contact
| ALUMINUM BRONZE | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cross Index | Nominal Chemical Composition | Typical Mechanical Properties | |||||||||||
| CDA | Ingot | Former SAE | Former Federal | Former ASTM | Copper | AI | Fe | Ni | Mn | Tensile (psi) | Yield (psi) | Elongation % | BHN (TYP.) @ 500 KG |
| C95200 | 415A | 68A | 9A | 88 | 9 | 3 | 65,000 | 25,000 | 20 | 125 | |||
| C95300 | 415B | 68B | G7 | 9B | 89 | 10 | 1 | 65,000 | 25,000 | 20 | 140 | ||
| C95300HT | G7-HT | 89 | 10 | 1 | 80,000 | 40,000 | 12 | 160 | |||||
| C95400 | 415C | A-954 | 9C | 85 | 11 | 4 | 75,000 | 30,000 | 12 | 170 | |||
| C95400-HT | G5-HT | 9C-HT | 85 | 11 | 4 | 90,000 | 45,000 | 6 | 190 |
||||
| C95500 | 415D | G3 | 9D | 81 | 11 | 4 | 4 | 90,000 | 40,000 | 6 | 190 | ||
| C95500-HT | G3-HT | G3 | 81 | 11 | 4 | 4 | 110,000 | 60,000 | 5 | 200 | |||
| C95800 | 81 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 85,000 | 35,000 | 15 | 159 | ||||
| C95900 | 82 | 13 | 4 | 1 | 241 (MIN.) | ||||||||
(C973, Mil C 15345 alloy 7, modified C973)
Nickel silver offers excellent corrosion resistance, high castability, and very good machinability. They have moderate strength and a pleasing silvery luster.
Typical uses:
- Valves
- Fittings
- Hardware for food and beverage handling equipment
- Seals and labyrinth rings in steam turbines
| NICKEL SILVER | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cross Index | Nominal Chemical Composition | Typical Mechanical Properties | |||||||||||
| CDA | Ingot | Former SAE | Former Federal | Former ASTM | Copper | Sn | Pb | Zinc | Ni | Tensile (psi) | Yield (psi) | Elongation % | BHN (TYP.) @ 500 KG |
| C97300 | 410 | 56 | 2 | 10 | 20 | 12 | 30,000 | 15,000 | 8 | 55 | |||
| C97600 | 412 | 64 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 20 | 40,000 | 17,000 | 10 | 80 | |||
For more information on alloy properties, visit the Copper Development Association website here.
